Mathematics Sba 2017 Sample Pdf

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1. 1. St. Marys College An Investigation of LIME and Digicel Mobile Coverage in Vide-Bouteille Ad Math SBA - Statistics Ronaldo Degazon
2. 2. Contents Title...................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................2 Purpose of the Project ........................................................................................................................3 Variables............................................................................................................................................4 Data Collection...................................................................................................................................5 Data Collected for LIME......................................................................................................................6 Data Collected for Digicel..................................................................................................................13 Hypothesis Test...........................................................................................................................19-22 Mathematical Knowledge ............................................................................................................ 23-25 Analysis...................................................................................................................................... 26- 27 Findings...........................................................................................................................................28 Recommendations............................................................................................................................29 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................30 Appendix & Bibliography...................................................................................................................31 Bibliography.....................................................................................................................................33
3. 3. Page | 1 Title An investigation of LIME and Digicel mobile signal strength in the area of Vide-Bouteille. Vs
4. 4. Page | 2 Introduction Cell phone signal is a duplex communication system, which means that the two devices involved both send and receive information. The first device involved is the cellular phone and the second device is the cell site. To communicate with each other, a cell site sends radio waves to a cellular phone and in turn, the cell phone sends radio waves to the cell site. This method of communication is what allows cellular phones to get access to a network. A mobile phone signal (or reception) is the signal strength of the connection to the mobile phone with its network. Both cell phones and cell sites have use transmitters to send the radio signals and use receivers to receive the radio signals. The transmitters and receivers on the cell sites however, are much more powerful than those on a cell phone, thus mobile reception is much more dependent upon the cell site than the cell phone. Though phones use a set of 5 bars to represent signal strength it is formally measured in dBm (short for dBmW). This is a power ratio of deciBels per milliWatt. It is measured on a scale starting from 0dBm which is the strongest possible signal to -113dBm. However, because cell phones are not as strong as the cell sites, a signal of 0dBmis technically impossible. Excellent signal strength is usually above -60 dBm whilst poor signal strength is less than -90 dBm. When an area is unable to receive sufficient signal strength it is called a dead zone. This usually occurs at signal strengths less than -113 dBm. Cell sites emit radio waves at different frequencies. These different frequencies are classified into frequency bands. The four frequency bands that cells sites and cell phones operate on in St. Lucia are 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz. Some cell sites operate on only one frequency whilst others may operate on two frequencies. Those cell sites which operate on two frequency bands are describes as dualband. The lower the frequency is, the more powerfully that the radio waves will be emitted. So of the four frequency bands mentioned, an 850MHz would provide the most powerful signal. However, as you will see later in this presentation there are many variables which can greatly affect signal strength. In St. Lucia, there is a duopoly of cellular network providers LIME and Digicel. LIME cell sites operate on 850MHz and 1900 MHz bands, whilst Digicel cell sites operate on 900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900 MHz bands.
5. 5. Page | 3 Purpose of the Project LIME and Digicel are the sole cellular service providers in St. Lucia. In my area of residence, Vide-Bouteille, Castries, I receive excellent reception on my LIME cell phone, but the question still holds, would I receive the same coverage with Digicel? This project is aimed at discovering the following objectives: What is the average mobile reception for LIME phones in Vide-Bouteille? How consistent is mobile reception for LIME phones in Vide-Bouteille? What is the mean mobile reception for Digicel phones in Vide-Bouteille? How consistent is mobile reception for Digicel phones in Vide-Bouteille? Which provider gives better coverage in Vide-Bouteille or is their coverage the same? (This objective will be answered using a hypothesis test.) Provided that it is discovered that one mobile company actually provides better coverage in the area, residents of Vide-Bouteille can be better advised on which mobile service provider they should choose.
6. 6. Page | 4 Variables 1. Distance/Line of Sight from Cell Site The further the line of sight away from a cell site, the weaker the reception will be and vice-versa. 2. Frequency of Cell Site The lower the frequency is, the more powerful signals that a cell site can emit. 3. Phone Different phones have receivers of different strengths. It was ensured that two Blackberries of the same model (9790) were used to eliminate variation of this factor. 4. Building Structure The materials with which obstructing buildings are built affect cell reception. Out of plywood, stone, concrete and steel, plywood obstructs radio signals the least. 5. Network Traffic The number of cell phones communicating with the tower affects signal strength. The more traffic, the weaker reception may be. 6. Terrain & Vegetation It is extremely difficult to provide cellular coverage in a heavily forested area. Also if massive hills are in the way of radio signals then cell reception is significantly weakened. 7. Weather Precipitation such as rain, sleet, snow, hail etc. slightly weaken mobile signal strength. It would be extremely difficult to variables 1, 4, and 6 constant at the same time. This is due to the fact that the cells sites for each provider are located in different areas. If the data is collected using constant distances from cell sites, the terrain, vegetation and buildings which obstruct the radio signals will differ. If however, variables 4 and 6 are kept constant by using the same locations to measure reception, the distances from the cell sites would differ. Furthermore, network traffic for each providers cell site will differ and cannot be controlled. Due to all these restrictions concerning the control of variables, areas were chosen randomly where the reception for each provider will be tested.
7. 7. Page | 5 Data Collection Due to the difficulty of holding the desired variables constant (as mentioned in the variables section), a random selection was used. Fifteen random areas in Vide-Bouteille were chosen and in each area the signal strength was recorded with using two separate phone 1 LIME Blackberry and 1 Digicel Blackberry. Due to the fact that signal strength is constantly fluctuates, ten readings were taken for each area and the mean was used as the estimate for the signal strength in that area. Below is the data collection process: 1. Ten readings were taken at 10 seconds intervals for Area 1 using the LIME Blackberry. 2. The Cell ID was also noted. 3. The mean of the readings was calculated. 4. Steps 1-3 were repeated using the Digicel Blackberry. 5. Steps 1-4 were repeated for Areas 2-15. The results were then recorded in a table. The Cell ID was used to locate the tower that the signal reception was coming from. Then, using Google Earth, the distance of each cell tower from the location was found. 6. The ground level (horizontal) distance from the two points was found. 7. The elevation (vertical distance) of the cell tower from the point was found. 8. Using basic trigonometric ratios, the line of sight distance of the point from the cell tower was calculated.
8. 8. Data Collected for LIME
9. 9. Page | 6 Raw Data Collected for LIME1 Taken on Saturday 2nd February 2013: 2:45 - 4:30 pm Weather: Partly Cloudy Area # Readings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean Cell ID 1 -63 -64 -65 -64 -69 -63 -66 -65 -64 -69 -65.2 22573 2 -60 -66 -64 -62 -65 -73 -64 -63 -63 -63 -64.3 22576 3 -65 -69 -67 -64 -61 -67 -65 -64 -65 -62 -64.9 22661 4 -82 -77 -72 -72 -72 -72 -72 -69 -66 -65 -71.9 22644 5 -56 -49 -47 -47 -48 -46 -49 -47 -46 -46 -48.1 22575 6 -80 -92 -82 -80 -75 -76 -76 -77 -81 -88 -80.7 22662 7 -74 -75 -72 -71 -74 -74 -78 -78 -78 -78 -75.2 22524 8 -86 -91 -91 -82 -86 -83 -84 -83 -82 -81 -84.9 22641 & 22644[1] 9 -88 -85 -85 -82 -85 -84 -85 -88 -86 -81 -84.9 22576 10 -67 -63 -74 -69 -66 -78 -65 -62 -63 -68 -67.5 22521 & 22524[1] 11 -87 -81 -89 -91 -88 -90 -87 -81 -86 -84 -86.4 22521 12 -93 -80 -79 -79 -79 -79 -80 -80 -81 -83 -81.3 2264

Mathematics Sba 2017 Sample Pdf

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